Causes and side effects of changing water quality in Khassa-Chai river in Kirkuk, Iraq

Water quality of seasonal water rivers is on a quick decline due to various human activities arising as result urbanization and population growth. This study assessed the Khassa-Chai river in Kirkuk during two seasons: winter summer (wet dry). Thirty-seven samples were collected from eight monitoring observation points along October 2019 March 2020. analyzed for parameters such temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved (TDS), color, oxygen (DO). These physicochemical using standards methods demonstrated by American Public Health Association (APHA). To determine significant difference, all results obtained statistically analyzed. In most results, higher concentrations are out indicated permissible limits World Organization (WHO). It can be concluded that domestic wastewater effluents discharged into river, sewage coming nearby houses restaurants addition solid waste produced close commercial stores. reduce negative impact health, pollution sources need properly managed. The paper calls further research figure ability make use city improving environment.